What is the purpose of a transformer in an electrical distribution system?

The purpose of a transformer in an electrical distribution system is primarily to reduce or increase voltage levels. This function is essential in power distribution, as transformers allow electricity generated at power plants, typically at high voltages for efficient transmission, to be stepped down to lower voltages suitable for use in homes and businesses. Conversely, during transmission over long distances, transformers can step up the voltage to reduce losses that occur due to resistance in the wires.

Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and make it possible to efficiently manage voltage levels depending on the needs of the distribution system. This versatility in adjusting voltages ensures the safe and effective delivery of electrical energy to consumers, meeting the requirements of different applications while minimizing energy loss.